Botox is a form of toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. The botulinum toxin in food or wounds blocks the signal transmission between nerves and muscles resulting in botulism, or ...

Endoscopic orbital decompression is a surgery to treat Graves’ orbitopathy (thyroid eye disease). It removes the middle and bottom walls of the bone surrounding the eye. Surgeons use endoscopes and ...

Strabismus surgery encompasses a spectrum of operative techniques designed to restore binocular alignment by adjusting the tension and position of extraocular muscles. Indications range from ...

This story is part of a series on the current progression in Regenerative Medicine. This piece is part of a series dedicated to the eye and improvements in restoring vision. In 1999, I defined ...

Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves’ ophthalmopathy or Graves’ orbitopathy, is an autoimmune disease that may affect the appearance and function of one or both eyes. According to the ...

Please provide your email address to receive an email when new articles are posted on . Ptosis and strabismus occurred in 3.7% and 1.7% of patients, respectively, and 1% had both. Most patients in all ...

Ocular myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting the muscles surrounding and involving the eyes. Symptoms can include double vision, droopy eyelids, and more. Ocular myasthenia gravis ...