Medically reviewed by Jennifer Steinhoff, MD Key Takeaways The lumbar spine includes five vertebrae that help with mobility ...

Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level (Fisher et al., 2004; Asch et ...

Please provide your email address to receive an email when new articles are posted on . When the Charité artificial disc received FDA approval for clinical use in 2004, most spine surgeons thought ...

What is a Lumbar Spine X-ray? It is a plain X-ray of the lower back, specifically of the five lumbar vertebrae that make up the lower (lumbar) spine, the sacrum and coccyx - which are the back part of ...

A common cause for missed days at work or a trip to the emergency room is the intense back and leg pain that comes from a pinched nerve in the lower back. How does this happen? What are the treatment ...

In the field of spinal surgery, the advent of numerous minimally invasive techniques has facilitated the implementation of ...