Preeclampsia is a leading cause of intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth. Endothelial dysfunction is the common final pathway leading to clinical signs of preeclampsia including ...

Persistent Fetal Circulation. Rostal-caudal MRA projection. A number of individuals have a normal anatomic variant known as a persistent fetal circulation, where the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) ...

Fetal heart rate (FHR) is one of the most critical indicators of a baby's well-being and development during pregnancy. It ...

A healthy fetal heart rate ranges between 110 and 160 beats per minute. A heart rate that is faster or slower than this may indicate that there is an issue that needs further attention. An arrhythmia, ...