Ectomycorrhizal associations are of major ecological importance in temperate and boreal forests. The development of a functional ectomycorrhiza requires many genetic and biochemical changes. In this ...

The red pine tree, found in North America, can perhaps be best likened to the underwhelming cousin of the more widely known white pine. The qualities of the white pine made it a staple for the early ...

Leaves – Evergreen needles are 2 per fascicle; about 5” long; dark green; stout; rigid; sharply pointed. Twigs and buds – Opposite branching with waxy and resinous buds. Cones/flowers – A monoecious ...