A single microscopic change in our DNA can permanently alter how the brain is built, locking in developmental problems that no amount of later effort can fully undo. Researchers are now tracing how ...

A separate, albeit less pronounced, maternal effect was also observed. In terms of size, large breeds appeared to accumulate relatively more early-life mutations, while the number of de novo mutations ...

A study completed at the University of Helsinki and the Folkhälsan Research Center analysed 390 parent–offspring trios. Trio denotes a design where the genomes of the puppy and both parents are ...